The Global Tuberculosis Fight: Why Prevention Holds Key to Eradication

TB remains a leading infectious killer globally, claiming 1.5 million lives each year, according to WHO. In 2023, only about two in five people with drug resistant TB received treatment.

In Thailand, TB remains a significant public health concern despite a gradual decline in cases. The country reported approximately 157 cases per 100,000 people in 2023, resulting in around 13,000 deaths across both HIV-negative and positive Thais. Addressing this challenge requires sustained prevention efforts and improved access to treatment.

Key preventive measures include:

• Early Screening and Regular Testing: Routine TB screening can significantly reduce transmission, especially in high-risk populations. Mass screening programs in densely populated areas and among vulnerable groups such as people with HIV, healthcare workers, and those with a history of TB exposure can aid in early detection.
• Strengthening Immunization: The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine has been instrumental in preventing severe forms of TB in children. While it does not provide complete immunity, ensuring that all newborns receive the BCG vaccine is a crucial preventive measure. Research into more effective vaccines is ongoing and should be prioritized.
• Improved Living Conditions and Nutrition: Malnutrition weakens the immune system, increasing susceptibility to TB. Addressing malnutrition through government-led food security programs, improving sanitation, and improving living conditions can reduce TB transmission rates.
• Awareness Campaigns and Community Engagement: Educating communities about TB symptoms, transmission, and treatment options is essential to preventing its spread. Public health campaigns should focus on encouraging people to seek medical care early and complete their treatment regimens. Community-based interventions, where local leaders and healthcare workers work together to spread awareness, have proven effective.
• Infection Control in Healthcare Settings: Hospitals and clinics must adopt stringent infection control measures, including proper ventilation, use of protective masks, and patient isolation protocols. Ensuring that healthcare facilities are equipped to handle TB cases safely can prevent hospital-based transmission.

Ending the TB epidemic by 2030 is among the health targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Strengthening global partnerships, advancing research on new TB vaccines and drugs, and integrating TB programs with broader healthcare initiatives will be crucial in achieving long-term success. SGU is committed to training future healthcare professionals to tackle global health challenges, including TB. By equipping students with the knowledge and expertise to work in high-burden regions, SGU plays a crucial role in the fight against TB through education and medical training.